*FOIA Confidential Treatment Request* Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. in connection with Registration Statement on Form S-1 |
Michael E. Tenta
+1 650 843 5636
mtenta@cooley.com
CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THIS LETTER HAVE BEEN OMITTED FROM THE VERSION FILED VIA EDGAR. CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED WITH RESPECT TO THE OMITTED PORTIONS. INFORMATION THAT WAS OMITTED IN THE EDGAR VERSION HAS BEEN NOTED IN THIS LETTER WITH A PLACEHOLDER IDENTIFIED BY THE MARK [***].
June 4, 2019
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Attn: | James Giugliano |
Craig Arakawa
Michael Killoy
Brigitte Lippmann
Re: | Registration Statement on Form S-1 |
Filed May 23, 2019
File No. 333-231703
Ladies and Gentlemen:
On behalf of Personalis, Inc. (Personalis or the Company), we are supplementally providing the staff (the Staff) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) with information regarding the proposed price range of the shares of the Companys common stock to be offered in the proposed initial public offering (IPO) pursuant to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-231703) filed with the Commission on May 23, 2019 (the Registration Statement). We are providing this letter in response to comment 5 from the Staff received by letter dated April 23, 2019 relating to the Draft Registration Statement originally confidentially submitted on March 27, 2019.
Because of the commercially sensitive nature of information contained herein, this submission is accompanied by a request for confidential treatment for selected portions of this letter. The Company has filed a separate letter with the Office of Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Operations in connection with the confidential treatment request, pursuant to Rule 83 of the Commissions Rules on Information and Requests, 17 C.F.R. § 200.83. For the Staffs reference, we have enclosed a copy of the Companys letter to the Office of Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Operations, as well as a copy of this correspondence, marked to show the portions redacted from the version filed via EDGAR and for which the Company is requesting confidential treatment.
For the convenience of the Staff, we are providing to the Staff by overnight delivery copies of this letter.
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Two |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
Preliminary IPO Price Range
The Company supplementally advises the Staff that the Company preliminarily estimates a price range of [***] per share (the Preliminary IPO Price Range) for its IPO, after giving effect to a reverse stock split, pursuant to which each [***] outstanding shares of its capital stock will be combined into one share of capital stock (the Proposed Reverse Stock Split). The Company anticipates effecting the Proposed Reverse Stock Split before commencing marketing efforts for the IPO, and the information contained in this letter gives effect to the Proposed Reverse Stock Split. As is typical in IPOs, the Preliminary IPO Price Range was not derived using a formal determination of fair value but was determined pursuant to recent discussions between the Company and the underwriters for the IPO. The Preliminary IPO Price Range has been estimated based, in part, upon current market conditions, the Companys financial condition and prospects, performance of recent initial public offerings and input received from the lead underwriters, including discussions that took place during a meeting of the Companys board of directors (the Board) on May 23, 2019, that included representatives of the underwriters.
The Company expects to include the price range and the approved Proposed Reverse Stock Split in an amendment to the Registration Statement that would be filed shortly before the commencement of the Companys road show. We are providing this information to you supplementally to facilitate your review process.
Recent Common Stock Valuations
To assist the Staff in its evaluation of stock compensation disclosures and certain other matters in the Registration Statement, the Company provides the Staff with the following information in relation to stock options granted during the period from January 1, 2018 through March 2019:
Grant period |
Number of shares underlying stock options granted |
Per share exercise price of options |
* Estimated fair value per share of common stock |
|||||||||
Quarter 2, 2018 |
596,875 | $ | 3.80 | $ | 6.12 | |||||||
Quarter 3, 2018 |
43,000 | $ | 3.80 | $ | 7.32 | |||||||
Quarter 4, 2018 |
746,589 | $ | 7.32 | $ | 9.16 | |||||||
February 2019 |
149,000 | $ | 9.16 | $ | 11.72 | |||||||
March 2019 |
212,500 | $ | 9.16 | $ | 12.40 |
* | The fair values per common share underlying stock options granted between independent third-party valuation report dates were estimated by interpolating between the common share fair values per the independent third-party valuation reports before and after the date of grant. The Company believes its use of linear interpolation between such valuation dates is an appropriate methodology by which to determine the fair value per share for financial accounting purposes due to the rapid growth of the Company and because the Company did not identify any single event or series of events that occurred during the period that would have caused a material change in fair value. |
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Three |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
As stated in the Registration Statement, stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to employees is measured at the date of grant based on the estimated fair value of the award. The Registration Statement describes the Companys use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for these purposes and describes the significant assumptions used during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 and the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company will reevaluate each of these assumptions, and update them as appropriate, when granting new equity awards and in preparing its financial statements for future filings.
Historical Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Companys stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 and the three months ended March 31, 2019 were approximately $753,000 (2% of total costs and expenses), $1,317,000 (3% of total costs and expenses), and $609,000 (3% of total costs and expenses), respectively.
Stock Option Grants and Common Stock Valuations
The estimated fair value of the common stock underlying stock options was determined at each grant date by the Board and was supported by periodic independent third-party valuations. The valuations of common stock were determined in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation (the Practice Aid). The methodology used by the third-party valuation specialists to determine the fair value of the Companys common stock included estimating the fair value of the enterprise, subtracting the fair value of debt from this enterprise value, and then allocating this value to all of the equity interests using the option pricing method or the probability weighted expected return method. The assumptions used in the valuation model to determine the estimated fair value of the Companys common stock as of the grant date of each option are based on numerous objective and subjective factors, combined with management judgment, including the following:
| the Companys stage of development; |
| progress of the Companys research and development efforts; |
| the impact of significant corporate events or milestones; |
| material risks related to the business; |
| the Companys actual operating results and financial condition, including the Companys level of available capital resources; |
| rights, preferences and privileges of the preferred stock relative to those of the common stock; |
| equity market conditions affecting comparable public companies; |
| the likelihood and potential timing of achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common stock, such as an initial public offering given prevailing market and biotechnology sector conditions; and |
| that the grants involved illiquid securities in a private company. |
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Four |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
Common Stock Valuation Methodologies
The valuations discussed below were performed in accordance with applicable elements of the Practice Aid. The Practice Aid prescribes several valuation approaches for estimating the value of an enterprise, such as the cost, market and income approaches, and various methodologies for allocating the value of an enterprise to its common stock.
The Practice Aid identifies various available methods for allocating enterprise value across classes and series of capital stock to determine the estimated fair value of common stock at each valuation date. In accordance with the Practice Aid, the Company considered the following methods:
| Option Pricing Method. Under the option pricing method (OPM) shares are valued by creating a series of call options with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences and conversion terms of each equity class. The estimated fair values of the preferred and common stock are inferred by analyzing these options. |
| Probability-Weighted Expected Return Method. The probability-weighted expected return method (PWERM) is a scenario-based analysis that estimates value per share based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future investment returns, considering each of the possible outcomes available to the Company, as well as the economic and control rights of each share class. |
| Current Value Allocation. Under the current value allocation method (CVA) the equity value is allocated as if the enterprise were to be liquidated on the date of valuation. The distribution waterfall is applied and the values of the securities are calculated. This method is applicable in extremely early ventures and when a liquidation event is imminent. |
| Hybrid Method. The hybrid method (Hybrid Method) is a hybrid between the PWERM and OPM, estimating the probability-weighted value across multiple scenarios but using the OPM to estimate the allocation of value within one of more of the scenarios. The hybrid method can be a useful alternative to explicitly modeling all PWERM scenarios in situations when the company has transparency into one or more near term exits but is unsure what will occur if the current plans fall through. |
Based on the Companys early stage of development and other relevant factors, the Company determined that PWERM, incorporating aspects of the market and income approaches, was the most appropriate method for estimating the Companys enterprise value. For common stock valuations performed during December 2017 and September 2018, the independent valuation specialist incorporated four outcomes, including stay-private, IPO, and two different M&A scenarios. In the IPO and M&A outcomes, a CVA was used at the assumed exit event and the results were present valued using an equity discount rate. In the stay-private scenario, an OPM was used to allocate the present equity value indication and was incorporated in the PWERM to capture uncertainties of the stay-private scenario. For common stock valuations performed during December 2018 and March 2019, a multiple-scenario OPM (IPO and no IPO) was used to estimate the Companys equity value and allocate to the securities outstanding.
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Five |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
Common Stock Valuations
In determining the estimated fair value of the common stock underlying the stock options granted, the Board considers the most recent contemporaneous independent third-party valuation of the Companys common stock and an assessment of additional objective and subjective factors it believes to be relevant as of the grant date. The additional factors considered when determining any changes in estimated fair value between the most recent contemporaneous valuation and the grant date include, when applicable, the prices paid in the Companys recent financing transactions, the Companys stage of development, the Companys laboratory, operating and financial performance and business and financial market conditions generally and in the targeted and personalized cancer diagnostic sector. Each of the stock option valuation dates from December 31, 2017 are discussed below.
December 31, 2017. The Company received an independent third-party valuation of its common stock as of December 31, 2017 that indicated that the fair value of the common stock on that date was $3.80 per share. This valuation utilized a hybrid version of the PWERM that incorporated aspects of both the market and income approaches to estimate the Companys equity value using a 28% equity discount rate. The model incorporated four different outcomes including stay-private, IPO, and two different M&A scenarios. The equity value for the IPO and M&A scenarios was derived using a CVA at the assumed exit event and allocated using PWERM to the securities outstanding based on their liquidation preferences and other rights. The equity value for the stay-private scenario was allocated under OPM. The weighted average time to liquidity was 2.38 years and each scenario yielded a different value indication for the common shares. These values were weighted based on the associated probability of each scenario, resulting in a concluded value of each common share of $5.36. A weighted average discount for lack of marketability of 29% was applied as a result of the Company being privately held, resulting in a fair value of the Companys common stock of $3.80 per share. The Board determined the estimated fair value of the Companys common stock to be $3.80 per share as of December 31, 2017.
September 30, 2018. The Company received an independent third-party valuation of its common stock as of September 30, 2018 that indicated that the fair value of the common stock on that date was $7.32 per share. This valuation utilized a hybrid version of the PWERM that incorporated aspects of both the market and income approaches to estimate the Companys equity value using a 28% equity discount rate. The model incorporated four different outcomes including stay-private, IPO, and two different M&A scenarios. The equity value for the IPO and M&A scenarios was derived using a CVA at the assumed exit event and allocated using PWERM to the securities outstanding based on their liquidation preferences and other rights. The equity value for the stay-private scenario was allocated under OPM. The weighted average time to liquidity was 1.44 years and each scenario yielded a different value indication for the common shares. These values were weighted based on the associated probability of each scenario, resulting in a concluded value of each common share of $9.40. A weighted average discount for lack of marketability of 22% was applied as a result of the Company being privately held, resulting in a fair value of the Companys common stock of $7.32 per share. Between December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, there were no substantive changes in the Companys financial position or commercial prospects that might have caused a change in fair value or warranted an updated independent third-party valuation. The Board determined the estimated fair value of the Companys common stock to be $7.32 per share as of September 30, 2018.
December 31, 2018. The Company received an independent third-party valuation of its common stock as of December 31, 2018 that indicated that the fair value of the common stock on that date was $9.16 per share. This valuation incorporated aspects of both the market and income approaches which were weighted evenly and incorporated a 26.5% equity discount rate to estimate the Companys equity value. A multiple-scenario OPM model (IPO and no IPO) was then used to allocate the equity value to the securities outstanding based on their liquidation preferences and other rights. For the IPO scenario, the independent valuation specialist used an estimated volatility of 68.6%, an expected time to liquidity event of 0.5 years and a 10.9% discount for lack of marketability due to the Company being privately held. The no IPO scenario incorporated an estimated volatility of 64.1%, an expected time to liquidity event of 2.0 years and a 23.4% discount for lack of marketability. The independent valuation specialist weighted the
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Six |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
IPO scenario at 70% and the no IPO scenario at 30%, with a weighted average time to liquidity of 0.95 years. The resulting fair value of the Companys common stock was $9.16 per share. Between September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018, there were no substantive changes in the Companys financial position or commercial prospects that might have caused a change in fair value or warranted an updated independent third-party valuation. The Board determined the estimated fair value of the Companys common stock to be $9.16 per share as of December 31, 2018.
March 31, 2019. The Company received an independent third-party valuation of its common stock as of March 31, 2019 that indicated that the fair value of the common stock on that date was $13.20 per share. This valuation incorporated aspects of both the market and income approaches which were weighted evenly and incorporated a 21.5% equity discount rate to estimate the Companys equity value. A multiple-scenario OPM model (IPO and no IPO) was then used to allocate the equity value to the securities outstanding based on their liquidation preferences and other rights. For the IPO scenario, the independent valuation specialist used an estimated volatility of 76.2%, an expected time to liquidity event of 0.25 years and an 8.5% discount for lack of marketability due to the Company being privately held. The no IPO scenario incorporated an estimated volatility of 64.9%, an expected time to liquidity event of 1.75 years and a 22% discount for lack of marketability. The independent valuation specialist weighted the IPO scenario at 80% and the no IPO scenario at 20%, with a weighted average time to liquidity of 0.55 years. The resulting fair value of the Companys common stock was $13.20 per share. Between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, there were no substantive changes in the Companys financial position or commercial prospects that might have caused a change in fair value or warranted an updated independent third-party valuation. The Board determined the estimated fair value of the Companys common stock to be $13.20 per share as of March 31, 2019.
Factors Contributing to Differences Between Grant Date Estimated Fair Values and the Estimated IPO Price
In recognition of the Staffs interest in understanding the factors affecting the difference between the anticipated midpoint of the Preliminary IPO Price Range and the estimated fair value of common stock in connection with prior stock option grants, the Company is providing the information set forth below.
2018-2019 Stock Option Grants. The Company believes the following factors, along with those set forth above with respect to each of the options granted by the Company since the second quarter of 2018, explain the difference between the estimated fair values of the Companys common stock on those grant dates and the anticipated midpoint of the Preliminary IPO Price Range.
| The Preliminary IPO Price Range represents a future price for shares of common stock that, if issued in the IPO, assumes a 100% probability of the consummation of the IPO and that, if issued in the IPO, the shares will be immediately freely tradable in a public market, whereas the estimated fair value of the common stock as of all of the option grant dates described above represents a contemporaneous estimate of the fair value of shares that were then illiquid, might never become liquid and, even if an IPO were successfully completed, would remain illiquid for the 180-day lockup period following the IPO. This illiquidity accounts for a substantial difference between the estimated fair values of the common stock through May 2019 and the Preliminary IPO Price Range. At the time of the May 1, 2019 grants, the Company had confidentially submitted its draft registration statement to the Commission, but had not publicly filed the Registration Statement. |
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Seven |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
| The holders of the Companys preferred stock currently enjoy substantial economic rights and preferences that are senior to the rights of the holders of its common stock, including the right to receive dividends prior to any dividends declared or paid on any shares of the Companys common stock and liquidation payments in preference to holders of common stock. The Preliminary IPO Price Range described assumes the conversion, on a share-for-share basis, of all of the preferred stock into common stock upon completion of the IPO. The corresponding elimination of these economic rights and preferences results in a higher valuation of the common stock after the IPO. |
| From April 2019 through May 2019, the Company conducted testing the waters meetings and received preliminary feedback on the Companys potential value. The Company may continue to conduct such testing the waters meetings through the period prior to its road show. |
| The successful completion of an IPO would strengthen the Companys balance sheet, provide access to public equity and debt markets, provide enhanced operational flexibility, strengthen the Companys brand recognition and provide a currency of publicly tradeable securities to enable the Company to make strategic acquisitions as the Board may deem appropriate. |
| The Companys consideration of various objective and subjective factors in the previous fair value determinations, as described above, that are not applicable to the determination of the Preliminary IPO Price Range. |
| The Preliminary IPO Price Range reflects the fact that investors may be willing to purchase shares in the IPO at a per share price that takes into account other factors that were not expressly considered in the Companys prior valuations as a private company and are not objectively determinable and that valuation models are not able to quantify with any level of certainty. |
| Increased market volatility, particularly in the biotechnology sector, continuing in the second quarter of 2019. |
As described above, the per-share exercise prices of the stock options granted since the second quarter of 2018 were supported by contemporaneous independent valuations of the underlying common stock. Accordingly, the Company and the Board consider these prices to represent a bona fide estimate of the fair value of the common stock as of the grant date.
The Company will use an estimated fair value per share of common stock underlying stock options granted between March 31, 2019 and the IPO by interpolating between the common share fair values per the most recent independent third-party valuation as of March 31, 2019 and the middle of the Preliminary IPO Price Range of [***] per share. The Company believes its use of linear interpolation between such valuation dates is an appropriate methodology by which to determine the fair value per share for financial accounting purposes and has considered the totality of the evidence available including continued progress in its IPO efforts, current valuation indicators from its underwriters which are the basis for the Preliminary IPO Price Range and the lack of any significant, intervening events subsequent to March 31, 2019, other than commencement of the IPO efforts, which has been factored into the Companys conclusion herein.
Based on the foregoing, the Company respectfully seeks confirmation that the Staff has no further comments with respect to the matters discussed in this letter.
Understandings
The Company has authorized us to advise the Staff that it hereby acknowledges that:
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Eight |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
| the Company is responsible for the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in the filing; |
| Staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to Staff comments do not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to the filing; and |
| the Company may not assert Staff comments as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United States. |
* * *
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 4, 2019 Page Nine |
Confidential Treatment Requested by Personalis, Inc. |
Please contact me at (650) 843-5636 or Peter Mandel of Cooley LLP at (415) 693-2102 with any questions or further comments regarding our responses to the Staffs comments.
Sincerely,
/s/ Michael E. Tenta
Michael E. Tenta
Cooley LLP
cc: | John West, Personalis, Inc. |
Aaron Tachibana, Personalis, Inc.
Clinton Musil, Personalis, Inc.
James C. Kitch, Cooley LLP
Peter N. Mandel, Cooley LLP
Alan F. Denenberg, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
Cooley LLP 3175 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1130
t: (650) 843-5000 f: (650) 849-7400 cooley.com